初中生学习英语要重视语法基础,初中生学习英语语法是非常基础的一部分,考试中语法也是占的很大比重的,初中生应该善于总结重点语法,这样在考试前就可以很快很好的进行复习了。
1、由that引导,由于that没有任何意义,也不充当任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文体中可以省略。这类宾语从句通常表达一种陈述意义。
e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.
Tom says (that) he must study hard.
She told me (that) she was a student.
(1)如果由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个that则不能省略。
e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.
(2)常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
2.由连接代词或连接副词who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引导,含有“谁、什么、哪个、什么时候、什么地方、怎样、为什么”等特殊疑问意义。
e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?
Can you tell me what they’re looking for?
I don’t know where she has gone.
I wonder how she can find us.
She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.
3.由从属连词whether和if引导,含有“是否,能否,对否,有否”等一般疑问意义。
e.g.She asked me if I could help her.
Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.
Please tell me whether you can come or not.
在这类宾语从句中要注意两点:
(1)if引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if引导宾语从句时意为“是否”,从句中该用什么时态就应用什么时态。
if引导条件状语从句时意为“假如”,从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.
I don’t know if the letter is yours.
They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.
I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.
(2)if引导宾语从句时多数情况下可以与whether互换,但如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”这层意思时,通常用whether,并在后面的加上“or not”,即一般要选择whether构成whether…or not的结构。
e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I want to know whether you can help me or not.
2、比较级
1.比较级句型:
(1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)
(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”
(3)比较A ,B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型:
“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,A or B ?”
Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?
2.比较级的特殊用法
(1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”
(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.
(3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”
3、最高级
1.形容词最高级: 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。
标志词:表比较范围时用in/of
形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略the。
2.表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型
(1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)
(2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语
3.常用句式
(1)Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?
(2)one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最…之一”。
(3)序数词后跟形容词最高级。
一般将来时应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done
过去将来时
should/would+动词原形
do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do
do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done
过去进行时
do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done
现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done
非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。
它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。
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