7月17日雅思大作文示范写作 | 广告意在推销非必需品吗?
雅思大作文如何回应评分标准中的Coherence &Cohesion，雅思写作四大评分标准中，大部分同学对词汇、语法、任务的回应都有比较好的认识或简单的了解，但是对coherence & cohesion(衔接和连贯)却没有什么概念。 因此，要在这个方面达到普遍的6分水平就会比较有挑战。
今天就跟大家来聊聊coherence & coherence这个模糊的概念，希望大家能够从知道这是个什么要求到能够回应这个要求，达到比较理想的写作分数。
什么是coherence & coherence?
Coherence：When something such as a piece of writing is easy to understand because its parts are connected in a clear and reasonable way(www.ldoce.com)
Cohesion: If there is cohesion among a group of people, a set of ideas etc, all the parts or members of it are connected or related in a reasonable way to form a whole(www.ldoce.com)
基于Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 的定义，我们大概可以知道coherence & coherence指的是文章内部各部分的内容能够合理地连接在一起。
但是，仍然不太清楚二者的区别，更不太清楚怎样做到内容间合理地连接在一起。下面看Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary的定义：
Coherence：ideas are logical and well-organized: easy to understand
Cohesive: ideas are closely united
通过以上两个资源的定义，我们可以这样理解： coherence 连贯指的是合理的逻辑，即句间逻辑合理且段落划分清晰;cohesion衔接指的是有效的衔接，即句内、句间和段间的语言要用衔接词连接。
怎样才能做到逻辑合理，有效衔接?
这其实要求我们能够恰当地使用恰当、有效的衔接词。事实上， 衔接词使用的恰当与否，直接影响逻辑上是否合理清晰，所以二者紧密联系。下面我们来看一个段落：
Children nowadays have more problems. Children in general are not as sociable as previous generations of children, who used to spend more time playing with friends. Some children may feel lonelier and more isolated. They may be less imaginative than children in the past. They do not have to invent their own games and they spend less time reading books.
在读的过程中我们会发现很尬，主要原因是句间没有任何的衔接词。同时，句间的逻辑关系并不清晰明了。那在词句能表达都比较好的情况下，我们怎样在衔接连贯这个层面去拯救或优化这个段落?大家可以看看加上以下括号内内容的段落情况：
Children nowadays have more problems. (Firstly，)children in general are not as sociable as previous generations of children, who used to spend more time playing with friends. (As a result,)some children may feel lonelier and more isolated.(Besides,) they may be less imaginative than children in the past ( because)they do not have to invent their own games and they spend less time reading books.
加上以上的衔接过渡词后，整个段落读起来会很顺，不会尴尬; 最重要的是句间的逻辑关系也的清晰明了且合理。因此在平时的学习中我们要注意积累一些衔接过渡词。下面给大家补充一些写作中常见的衔接词汇:
1. 因果关系
因为：because/since/as/for/ considering that/ given that +句子(从句), ....(主句)
because of /owing to/ due to/ in view of+ 名词，...
所以：for such reasons/ as a result / therefore/ consequently/ thus / hence/in consequence/ as a consequence/under these conditions,...
...., so/ so that/ the consequence of which is that....
2. 转折关系
...but/while/yet…
though/ even though / despite that/ in spite of the fact that..., ....
however/ nevertheless/ on the other hand, ...
3. 并列关系
and/ as well as/ either...，or.../ both...and...
also/ for one thing/ for another/ meanwhile/ at the same time, ...
4. 递进关系
Furthermore/ moreover/ further/ in addition (to)/ additionally / next/ besides, ...
not only...but also.../ more specifically/ in other words,...
5. 先后关系
first/ to begin with/ to start with/ first of all,...
second/ next/ afterwards/ since then/ prior to this,....
at last/ eventually/ last but not least/ to end with/ finally,...
6.举例关系
for example/ for instance, ...
...., namely/ like/ such as/ including +名词
a case in point is.../ a good example would be...
to detail this, I would like to.../take…as example
7.比较关系(相同点)
in comparison with/ when compared with/ compared with+名词 ,...
similarly/ likewise,....
like+名词, ....
8.强调关系
in fact/ definitely/ undoubtedly/ without a doubt/ undeniably/ naturally/ obviously , ...
what is particular/ believe it or not,....
not to mention/ especially/ particularly+名词,...
怎样做到形散而神不散?
中文作文和英文作文有很大的相似度，文章内容也是需要通过某些纽带来衔接的，也就是我们刚刚所提到过得cohesion。但是， 如果我们文章中只能够使用以上我提到的衔接过渡词(我们可以称这些过渡词为明线)， 我们的作文是不能达到：形散而神不散， 这种高超境界的。
同理， 雅思大作文中假使我们也只能使用这些明线的话， 就coherence & coherence这个部分，我们的分数大概在6-6.5左右。如果我们写作单项要求7的话，大家在coherence & coherence这个方面就要练就形散而神不散的武功。那怎样才能做到不留痕迹?在分析研究了多篇范文和考官范文后， 小C 老师我发现了秘诀。这里，我就跟大家分享其中的一个秘诀：合理使用暗线，即不使用明确的连接词，而是借助上下文之间的语义承接关系来自然地承接上下文。
暗线1：使用代词或者限定词对前一句话里出现的内容进行指代，从而在前后句之间形成自然的承接关系。
代词： this/ these +名词 (指代上文一个、多个事物)
this+trend/ development/ experience (指代上文一句话)
they /their/ we/ us/ ours
限定词： the +noun
such + noun
下面我们就来分析一些范文，学习一下代词和限定词这条暗线的用法
例一：Traditionally, children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school, but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools, with both positive and negative outcomes. (C9T1 Task 2 a very good answer)
解析：此处的them指代上一句的foreign languages，即避免了表达重复也无形中连接了上下句; this policy则指上文的一句话，使上下句间不留痕迹地联系起来。
例二：Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 million minutes in 1995 to just under 90 million in 1998. After peaking at90 million the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.(C9T2 Task 1 a very good answer)
解析：此处的these calls 指代的是上一句的Local fixed line calls。用词虽然简单，但是却能够使上下句话之间无缝衔接。
通过以上的分析，大家现在应该认识到coherence & coherence其实就是要求文章中要使用恰当的方法使内容上有效衔接，逻辑上清晰合理。要做到这一点，我们首先要学会使用明线， 也就是一些明确的衔接词。 要做到，那就要学会使用暗线，也就是不使用明确的连接词，而是借助上下文之间的语义承接关系来自然地承接上下文。
雅思培训基础班
1.课程适合人群/适用阶段
（1）高中水平或雅思5分水平，基础薄弱的学生
（2）基础语法不完备，对雅思没有系统了解的学生
（3）即将进入雅思课程，希望尽早熟悉雅思考题的学生
课程简介
2.课程亮点
（1）1V1定制课程，基础到强化循序渐进。
（2）师资力量雄厚，升学指导团队的平均教龄8年以上
（3）顾问1V1全方位指导，制定专属学习计划
（4）使用原版真题和九天独家辅导资料
（5）实体教学环境，沉浸式高效学习
课程整体介绍
01
02
03
04
05
06
阅读知识点
听力知识点
口语知识点
写作知识点
核心词汇拓展
相关题型分类练习
英语听力
听力常作为一种考试题型，目的在于考察应试者对英语语言的把握，考察考生对英语日常交流的理解能力;通常有听对话选择答案、听句子默写关键字词几种形式。
英语写作
通过本课程的系统学习，每位学生能写出内容充实，在此基础上，掌握撰写毕业论文的基本技能。要熟练掌握提纲及提要和读书报告的撰写技巧，写作速度大约平均在每小时200-300词。
学习收获
现报名可打八五折
（仅限前100名学员）
（1）课前顾问对学生学习能力1对1评估，量身打造课程，帮助学生充分完成课前预习
（2）课中导师双语沟通，进行雅思题型总结，对原版真题进行知识点精讲
（3）课后完成多样化作业并进行学术测试，班主任线上线下24小时答疑
7月17日雅思大作文示范写作 | 广告意在推销非必需品吗?
年7月17雅思大作文题目
Some people say that the main aim of advertising is to improve the sales of products that people do not really need.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
范文及解析
Introduction
Advertising has been an integral part of our economic and social life now. However, as a powerful technique of promoting sales, it has been censured by some people for its “main aim”: to encourage shoppers to buy unnecessary goods. I tend to think that this view presents a very one-sided picture of advertising.
【解析】
integral part 不可或缺的部分
censure 谴责v.
one-sided 片面的adj.
Body Paragraph 1
The commentary is understandable that advertising creates unconscious desires. People holding this view may ascribe their over-consumption to advertisers’ exaggerated claims of their marketing pitches, which means advertising puts goods in a positive light, creating unrealistic expectations, all for the benefit of selling. Enticed by these messages, consumers would buy goods of little or no value to themselves on impulse, be it a new cell phone or a massage armchair.
【解析】
ascribe … to … 归咎于
marketing pitch 市场营销
entice 怂恿 v.
on impulse 一时冲动
Body Paragraph 2
To persuade potential customers through evoking their psychological appeals, indeed, is one objective of advertising. However, I would argue that there is a controversy in what constitutes necessities versus non-essentials. This ambiguous notion is changing, along with the change in generations. To explain, what seems nonessential now – a massage armchair, for example – may fulfill its function years later, whereas what seems required now – a cell phone, for example – may soon lose its value if operating systems suddenly upgrade.
【解析】
evoke 唤醒 v.
psychological appeals
controversy 争议 n.
Body Paragraph 3
My firm conviction is that the real objective of advertising is to promote effective communication between producers and consumers. When a new product is to be introduced in the market, producers create memorable advertising campaigns that boost brans recognition, from which potential customers can be informed more about product advantages and know what suits their requirements and budget. Not only that, advertising helps maintain the demand for existing products and services.
【解析】
introduce 引入v.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would say that the main aim of advertising is to prepare a ground for the sales of products, but we cannot affirm that the promoted goods are unnecessary.
【解析】
prepare a ground for 为…打基础
affirm 断言v.
