衡阳市雅思培训班哪家好学,孙彬:雅思写作中的“证明题”

衡阳市雅思培训班哪家好学,孙彬:雅思写作中的“证明题”
7月17日雅思大作文示范写作 | 广告意在推销非必需品吗?

  作者:孙彬, 新航道北京学校主讲师资。毕业于北京大学,6年雅思教学经验。获得年全国新航道雅思写作教师授课大赛名

  各位烤鸭大家好!

  大作文写作中,审题的重要性不言而喻。如果我们对题目没有进行正确的理解,一切的努力都将是南辕北辙,最终无疑无法取得理想的成绩。在审题环节,有许多信息需要我们去考虑,而今天我将和大家着重分享一类叫做证明题的思维逻辑。

  大多数同学可能从来没有听说过证明题这样一类题目,而更加熟悉的是按照报告类(report)、辩论类(argument)进行分类的传统的方法。这样的分类方式固然有其合理之处,但从微观的层面来说,这种分类方法的意义其实并不大。我们以下面的例子来进行说明。

  请大家看接下来的五个题目:

  题目一:早恋是普遍的现象。请问这件事有什么影响?( What are the effects?)

  题目二:有些人认为早恋是有害的。为什么?(What are the reasons?)

  题目三:有些人认为早恋是有益的,而有些人认为早恋是有害的。讨论双边的观点并且给出自己的看法。(Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.)

  题目四:早恋普遍。你认为这件事是有益的还是有害的?(Is it a positive or negative development?)

  题目五:有些人认为早恋是有害的。你是否同意?(To what extent do you agree or disagree?)

  相信各位同学已经看出来,这五道题目看似问题不同,但实际上微观的展开是很相似的(都是在写早恋所造成的影响)。所以,传统的分类方法似乎对于各位同学每段逻辑的展开并没有太大的关系。

  回到正题,所谓证明题,和我们在数学课上接触到的证明题一样,需要大家利用逻辑推导从已知条件推出最终的结论。在这个过程中,逻辑链条要严密、合理,并且必须要杜绝跑题的现象。我们来以几道题目作为例子进行阐述。

  例1: Employers should give their staff at least a 4-week holiday a year to make employees better at their jobs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

  当我们拿到这道题目之后,首先我们要仔细阅读题目的内容,并且进行翻译:老板应该给员工每年至少四周的假期让员工在工作中做得,你是否同意?翻译之后,我们要进行分析:如果我们同意的话,那么要写的内容是什么呢?可以说,如果我们同意这个观点,那么就应该说明四周的假期为什么能够让员工在工作中做得,反之亦然。那么,这道类似于数学证明题的已知-结论就赫然呈现在眼前了,即:

  如果我们同意,则证明:

  4-week holiday - better performance at their jobs

  如果我们不同意,则证明:

  4-week holiday - worse performance at their jobs

  接下来的问题就是,如何进行证明呢?

  从严密、合理角度来说,我建议各位同学在已知和结论中至少加入两个节点。以本题同意部分为例:

  4-week holiday - make them relaxed - release their stress - better performance at their jobs

  或者

  4-week holiday - acquire new knowledge and skills - cultivate their ability - better performance at their jobs

  这就是大家在写证明题的时候所采取的基本逻辑。从起点开始,思考这个点会导致什么影响,然后进一步导致什么影响,最终推导出结论。我们再来看一道题目:

  例2: Some people think that if a police force carries a gun, it can lead to higher level of crime in that city. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

  通过分析,我们不难得出这道题依然是证明题的结论。

  如果同意,则证明:

  a gun - higher level of crime

  如果不同意,则证明:

  a gun - lower level of crime

  理解到这个层面之后,再进行逻辑链条的搭建。同意和不同意我们各举一个例子进行说明:

  同意:

  a gun - encourage criminals to upgrade their weapons - aggravate the outcome of crimes - higher level of crime

  不同意:

  a gun - deter the criminals - give up their original plan - lower level of crime

  这道题的基本逻辑框架就不会出现问题了。下面这道题也能够清晰地说明证明题的思路。

  特别注意,这种证明题在写作过程中容易出现跑题的现象,究其原因,就在于同学在动笔开始写文章的时候没有关注已知-结论的逻辑链条,而是肆意发挥。总结来说,跑题的现象主要有以下两种:

  种我称之为左端跑题,即同学写作的时候没有关注题中所写的原因,而是自己开创了另外一个原因。比如:

  例1中有同学立论:增加工资会让员工做得

  例2中有同学立论:贫富差距会城市的犯罪程度

  第二种我称之为右端跑题,即同学没有关注题中的影响,而是自己开发了另外一个新影响,例如:

  例1中有同学立论:四周假期会让公司利益受损

  例2中有同学立论:警察携带枪支会导致公民的恐慌(恐慌不等于犯罪)

  以上的四种文字都归为跑题,在TASK RESPONSE一项中会扣除相应的分数。

  总结来说,此种证明题在写作的时候要注意不能脱离原题的思路进行分析。当然,这篇文章中所提到的只是审题注意事项中的一个,还有其余更为重要的关注点值得大家进行学习。

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7月17日雅思大作文示范写作 | 广告意在推销非必需品吗?

年7月17雅思大作文题目

  Some people say that the main aim of advertising is to improve the sales of products that people do not really need.

  To what extent do you agree or disagree?

  范文及解析

  Introduction

  Advertising has been an integral part of our economic and social life now. However, as a powerful technique of promoting sales, it has been censured by some people for its “main aim”: to encourage shoppers to buy unnecessary goods. I tend to think that this view presents a very one-sided picture of advertising.

  【解析】

  integral part 不可或缺的部分

  censure 谴责v.

  one-sided 片面的adj.

  Body Paragraph 1

  The commentary is understandable that advertising creates unconscious desires. People holding this view may ascribe their over-consumption to advertisers’ exaggerated claims of their marketing pitches, which means advertising puts goods in a positive light, creating unrealistic expectations, all for the benefit of selling. Enticed by these messages, consumers would buy goods of little or no value to themselves on impulse, be it a new cell phone or a massage armchair.

  【解析】

  ascribe … to … 归咎于

  marketing pitch 市场营销

  entice 怂恿 v.

  on impulse 一时冲动

  Body Paragraph 2

  To persuade potential customers through evoking their psychological appeals, indeed, is one objective of advertising. However, I would argue that there is a controversy in what constitutes necessities versus non-essentials. This ambiguous notion is changing, along with the change in generations. To explain, what seems nonessential now – a massage armchair, for example – may fulfill its function years later, whereas what seems required now – a cell phone, for example – may soon lose its value if operating systems suddenly upgrade.

  【解析】

  evoke 唤醒 v.

  psychological appeals

  controversy 争议 n.

  Body Paragraph 3

  My firm conviction is that the real objective of advertising is to promote effective communication between producers and consumers. When a new product is to be introduced in the market, producers create memorable advertising campaigns that boost brans recognition, from which potential customers can be informed more about product advantages and know what suits their requirements and budget. Not only that, advertising helps maintain the demand for existing products and services.

  【解析】

  introduce 引入v.

  Conclusion

  In conclusion, I would say that the main aim of advertising is to prepare a ground for the sales of products, but we cannot affirm that the promoted goods are unnecessary.

  【解析】

  prepare a ground for 为…打基础

  affirm 断言v.