7月17日雅思大作文示范写作 | 广告意在推销非必需品吗?
同学们平常都是怎么扩充词汇量的呢?雅思评分标准中Lexical Resource(词汇资源) 考察的就是文章中词汇的使用情况。今天我们来谈谈如何Lexical Resource评分的3个方法。
1. 同义词替换
英文写作当中忌讳同一个词重复地出现，大家可以看到在许多写作当中同一种事物作者会使用不同的方法表达，这种同义词替换的方法既可以体现作者的单词量，也会让文章显得更丰富。
下面就一篇大作文为例：
在这篇教育类的文章中，我们可以看一下“决定学生的专业”这一说法的各种表达形式：
题目：
Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion.
“大学专业”这一词除了题目中的subject，还可以用major, what students are learning, what is in the curriculum, study 等词表示。因此在考试时考生的思维应该更加活络采用多种写法描述同一个事物。
major
discipline
what students are learning
what is in the curriculum
study
因此在考试时考生的思维应该更加活络，采用多种写法来描述同一事物。
2. 合成词
在英语里合成词指的是把两个或多个单词中的一部分混合组成的新词语，这种方式在现代英语中十分常见。“vlog 视频博客”来自单词“video 视频”和“blog 博客”;单词 “brunch 早午餐”从“breakfast 早餐”和“lunch 午餐”演变而来。虽然这类词语较早常出现在网络平台上，现在不少受欢迎的合成词也被纳入辞典当中。在英文写作当中可以根据灵活的组织词汇使用复合词。
如常用的复合词有：
ready-made 现成的
state-of-the-art 的
well-known 的
hard-working 努力的
good-looking 好看的
breath-taking 令人屏息的
grown-up 成年人
heart-broken 伤心的
takeaway 外卖
我们还可以根据具体语境来合成词语，如 “政府选择的专业”可以说表述为“subjects that are chosen by government”或者“government-chosen subjects” 。
使用合成词会令句子更简单层次也更丰富使句子更简单，如：
Australia is a country which speaks English = Australia is an English-speaking country. 澳大利亚是英语
people who love peace = peace-loving people 爱好和平的人民
a young man who looks good = a good-looking young man 帅哥
eterprises which are owned by state = state-owned enterprises 国企
3. 使用准确的词语
词语的准确性也是影响lexical resource的一个重要因素。有许多意思相近的词用起来表示的意义却不一样。如经济价值一般是economic value 而不是financial value，虽然financial和economic都有表示经济的意思。由于英文中有许多词是从一个词根衍生来导致许多词意思相近拼写也相近，用起来确实不一样的。必须要准确掌握每个词的意思，才能在考试中从容的使用。
如 拉丁语中的“bas”一词指低的，英文中有许多相关的衍生词：
Base：n，基本
There was a cycle path running along this side of the wall, right at its base
在墙的这边沿着墙根有一条自行车道。
Basis：n，指抽象意义上的基础
We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis
我们将定期在那里会面。
basement ：n，地下室或者基地
They bought an old schoolhouse to live in and built a workshop in the basement.
他们买了一处老校舍当住房然后在地下室里建了一个作坊。
basic：adj 基本的。
One of the most basic requirements for any form of angling is a sharp hook.
不管以什么方式钓鱼有一个锋利的鱼钩都是最基本的要求之一
以上这些都是语意中含有“基本”这一意义的词，如果在文章中运用产生混淆会给考官造成考生对词汇运用不佳的印象。
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7月17日雅思大作文示范写作 | 广告意在推销非必需品吗?
年7月17雅思大作文题目
Some people say that the main aim of advertising is to improve the sales of products that people do not really need.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
范文及解析
Introduction
Advertising has been an integral part of our economic and social life now. However, as a powerful technique of promoting sales, it has been censured by some people for its “main aim”: to encourage shoppers to buy unnecessary goods. I tend to think that this view presents a very one-sided picture of advertising.
【解析】
integral part 不可或缺的部分
censure 谴责v.
one-sided 片面的adj.
Body Paragraph 1
The commentary is understandable that advertising creates unconscious desires. People holding this view may ascribe their over-consumption to advertisers’ exaggerated claims of their marketing pitches, which means advertising puts goods in a positive light, creating unrealistic expectations, all for the benefit of selling. Enticed by these messages, consumers would buy goods of little or no value to themselves on impulse, be it a new cell phone or a massage armchair.
【解析】
ascribe … to … 归咎于
marketing pitch 市场营销
entice 怂恿 v.
on impulse 一时冲动
Body Paragraph 2
To persuade potential customers through evoking their psychological appeals, indeed, is one objective of advertising. However, I would argue that there is a controversy in what constitutes necessities versus non-essentials. This ambiguous notion is changing, along with the change in generations. To explain, what seems nonessential now – a massage armchair, for example – may fulfill its function years later, whereas what seems required now – a cell phone, for example – may soon lose its value if operating systems suddenly upgrade.
【解析】
evoke 唤醒 v.
psychological appeals
controversy 争议 n.
Body Paragraph 3
My firm conviction is that the real objective of advertising is to promote effective communication between producers and consumers. When a new product is to be introduced in the market, producers create memorable advertising campaigns that boost brans recognition, from which potential customers can be informed more about product advantages and know what suits their requirements and budget. Not only that, advertising helps maintain the demand for existing products and services.
【解析】
introduce 引入v.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would say that the main aim of advertising is to prepare a ground for the sales of products, but we cannot affirm that the promoted goods are unnecessary.
【解析】
prepare a ground for 为…打基础
affirm 断言v.
